| Timeframe |
1400 - 1450 |
1450 - 1475
(before/during M.'s birth in 1469)
|
1475 - 1498
(M.'s youth)
|
1498 - 1512
(M.'s rise in Florence)
|
1513 - 1527
(M.'s exile & slow return)
|
1527 - 1550
(After M.'s death)
|
| Events in Italy |
Rise of the Medici family in Florence
Venice acquires Padua while Florence subdues Pisa
Roman Revolt - Pope flees to Florence (1434)
|
- Lorenzo de' Medici assumes control of Florence
(1469)
- Sforza's rule Milan
- Peace of Lodi between Venice and Milan
|
- Venice controls Cyprus
- R. Borgia becomes Pope, appoints C. Borgia a cardinal
- France invades Italy, takes Florence, deposes Medici's;
- Pope raises an army to fight; they lose.
- Savonarola in Florence
|
- French take Milan (1499)
- Naples ceded to Spanish
- Turks defeat Venice, then Austria, Spain, France unite to
despoil Venice; France invades.
- Savonarola burned at stake; rise of Republic in Florence;
famine in Florence.
|
G. de' Medici becomes Pope Leo X;
M. arrested, tortured, exiled, writes The Prince
France & Venice fight and take Milan from Swiss
The sack of Rome - the end of the renaissance - by France
(1527)
|
Charles V of France declared King of Italy;
Holy Roman Emperor (1530)
French ejected over many wars; Spain takes over control of
Italy
The Prince is published; M. reviled, esp. in France.
|
| Political Events across Europe |
- Pope (re)estab'd in Rome. End of "Great
Schism" (1417)
- Turks expand their territory
|
- Turks take Constantinople, then Athens, Herzegovina
- Peace between England & France, then Scotland
- Ferdinand & Isabella; Sp. Expands territories in N. Africa
|
- Spanish State grows; Sp. Inquisition.
- Tudors assume control in England
- Charles VIII takes control of France, invades Italy
- Pope "divides the New World between Spain & Portugal
- King of Portugal marries Queen of Sp.
|
Pope
starts crusade against Turks Marriages
of rulers between England & Austria; Spain & France,
France & England. Pope forms holy league
with Venice & Spain to eject French from Italy. Slave
Trade grows |
- Portugal estab. Colonies in India, Africa,
Asia
- Treaty of Vienna units Austria, Poland, Hungary
- Germany & Spain fight French & Swiss
- Growth of Protestants
|
English
abjure authority of Pope (Henry VIII) French
Reformation (Calvin) Wars grow between Prot.
& Catholics Turks continue to attack across
eastern Europe |
| Artistic Milestones |
- Donatello's Sculptures for the Medici
- Florence Cathedral comp.
|
- Florence becomes the center of Renaissance
& Humanism
- Music printed
- Leonardo
- Dante's Commedia printed
|
Botticelli
et. al. Paint frescoes at the Sistine Chapel Verrocchio's
sculture Manutius publishes Greek Classics
Da Vinci's Last Supper |
High
Italian Renaissance Da Vinci's Mona
Lisa Michelangelo's Pieta, David, Sistine
Chapel Titian, Raphael, Durer |
Da Vinci,
Raphael, Durer die; Titian, Michelangelo still working |
Chaucer's
works published. Michelangelo's Last
Judgement Italian artisans spreading influence across
Europe |
| Timeframe |
1400 - 1450 |
1450 - 1475
(before/during M.'s birth in 1469)
|
1475 - 1498
(M.'s youth)
|
1498 - 1512
(M.'s rise in Florence)
|
1513 - 1527
(M.'s exile & slow return)
|
1527 - 1550
(After M.'s death)
|
| Changing View of the World |
- Universities flourish across Europe.
- Portuguese sailors sail to the Azores, the west coast of
Africa, slave trade starts.
|
- Growth of Humanism
- Gutenberg printing books
- Portuguese still exploring Africa
- Genoese sailors expanding trade routes with Turks in Near
East
|
Columbus
discovers West Indies The world seen as
a "globe", with much to discover. Pope
"divides the New World" between Spain & Portugal
Syphilis epidemic spreads from Naples |
Cabots
(venetian navigators hired by English) seek trade route to Asia,
find N. America. Vasco de Gama (Portugal)
rounds Cape of Good Hope; sea route South/ East found to India
Cabral (Portugal) claims Brazil Vespucci
(Sp.) seeks S. America |
More's
Utopia Balboa (Portugal)
discovers the Pacific. Port. colonies estab in New Guinea
Magellan (for Spain) circumnavigates the globe Spain
estab. Colonies in Mexico; Cortes |
Cartier
locates St. Lawrence, Quebec. De Soto
explores Florida; Coronado explores Mexico, Texas, Oaklahoma,
Mississippi R., Portuguese land in Japan |
| Science |
- Alchemy & Magic dominate over "science"
|
- Faith still more important than "science".
|
Copernicus
studying Greek records & ideas of the Solar System |
Glass
making in Venice; ship building in Genoa Da
Vinci's ideas move into practical production |
Copernicus'
ideas are published Mathematics developing
quickly |
Ideas
for a "steamboat" Copernicus'
ideas move across Europe. |
| Thoughts & Questions |
Simony (selling Church offices) is common;
the Papacy struggles; the 4 major Italian city/states (Milan,
Venice, Rome, & Naples) along with Florence compete and fight
constantly.
|
- How did Humanism effect the growth of a republican
ideal in Italy?
- How did an expanding world of trade influence the politics?
|
Imagine
growing up in a world that is constantly expanding, explored
by everyone BUT Italy. The Borgia's reign
of terror. |
M. makes
many trips to France, Germany, Spain; what might he bring back
in terms of ideas for "his" Italy? |
M. hopes
The Prince will be useful to the Medici; gradually returns
to visibility through his writing of history. |
What
trends are constant in this 150-year period? |